Formal statements that are prevalent Essay

Formal statements that are prevalent -? Suggest what about the organization? â€Å"Cisco Systems’ vision is to change the way we work, live, play and learn. Our mission is to shape the future of the Internet in ways that empower individuals to participate fully in our vision. This powerful shared vision and mission is what we all have in common at Cisco. Equally compelling is the broad spectrum of unique skills, perspectives, values and behaviors that influence how we each like to work, live, play and learn. This is what defines Cisco’s diversity† (Chambers, 2003). Cisco’s culture drives the company to set high standards for corporate integrity and to give back by using Cisco’s resources for a positive global impact. Strong, mutually beneficial relationships with partners, customers, shareholders, and the people who work for, with and near Cisco are essential to the business (Good opening statement) Workspace: The Organizational Culture Spare lines, bare walls, and sweeping curves are the non-ornaments of the CISCO workplace; these are cultural clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s for futurism and modern thinking that have been used since the 1920’s. Flat screen monitors are hung like paintings on the wall. More modern than the design proper is the CISCO Vice President Dave Rossetti’s concept of the ideal office. Brad Stone of Newsweek writes, â€Å"CISCO VP Dave Rossetti heads a research group of 100 colleagues working on the office of the future. Rossetti talks about a workspace comprising free-floating employees who walk into a building and find an empty â€Å"generic office† nearest to their current team of collaborators. The office features boringly blank walls and surfaces when unoccupied, but senses when an employee wants to sit there, perhaps by reading his ID badge. Then it automatically customizes itself. Suddenly, the proper e-mail account appears on the PC, and the Internet telephone adopts that employee’s extension. Even the digital picture frames render photos of the employee’s family, or a favorite Ansel Adams vista.† Clearly, the message is that the workers make the workplace come alive. Customization for the individual indicates the company’s desire to make sure the worker is comfortable. The fact that each office would be identical illustrates that all workers would have equal resources. Corporate colors in the Executive Briefing Center are a sea like green/blue and a tan as shown in the promotional brochure. Warm yellow light flows from recessed fixtures in a design of radiating hoops. Clearly the message is â€Å"we are a global company†. The color scheme replicates that of the globe. To be seen as an agile competitor in the marketplace, a competitive company will ensure that its workers have the necessary tools they need to do the job well. Slogans -? Inform people in the culture The article The Best Team in the Business, (Doyle, 2004) describes a CISCO conference that was held in Honolulu. During the conference CISCO used an IP-based interactive polling system to pound Hawaiian drums and scroll the words â€Å"Incredible things happen† across a screen. The CEO enters the stage to an AC/DC song blasting over the large sound system. This type of slogan and saying provides the public with the impression that CISCO is up to date on technology, innovative, and motivates the crowd on the company. With the loud beat and demonstrations, the public immediately receives the impression that CISCO works towards making sure the incredible things happen statement becomes a reality. Deliberate role modeling, training and teaching is emphasized. CISCO produces many different unique ways to provide employees with empowerment and therefore has developed teams to handle any type of situation CISCO refers to these teams as their channel teams (Doyle, 2004). Channel teams provide business experiences that actually allow an organization to quickly resolve a situation. Having this type of team allows the organization to pull resources together to brain storm, work towards resolving conflict, come up with project plans, and work towards future enhancements. Channel teams provide role modeling, training and teaching allowing an organization to depend on all resources and have them organized to handle the task at hand. Rewards -? Used to motivate employees There are a few rewards and status symbols that motivate the employees at CISCO. CISCO offers employees a comprehensive and flexible benefits package. Depending on the work site, employees may have access to additional services to help them balance the competing demands of work and home. In addition, CISCO leaders support ongoing training and continual career growth. Regardless of location, all employees have access to e-learning activities. Traditional instructor-led sessions are also available in most locations. Managers also have discretion to identify other creative ways their employees can develop new skills. One benefit most focused upon was telecommuting. The benefits most cited by telecommuters are qualitative–reclaimed commute time, flexible working hours, fewer interruptions, as well as more family time. The average telecommuters savings (not including tolls and parking) resulting from a reduced IRS-established mileage rate). Their wardrobe and dry-cleaning costs were reduced by 40%, and lunch and snack expenses were reduced by a factor of five. Employees are able to work in an environment that is designed to meet their individual needs and style. Better relationships with spouses and children, improved personal morale and fewer sick days are cited by more than 80% of individuals who work some of their time at home. Stories, legends and myths The history of a company often tells a story that epitomizes the very nature of the company. CISCO Systems Inc. has such a story that shows the CEO’s concern for his employees. During 2002, John Chambers was CEO of CISCO SYSTEMS INC. When he learned that a CISCO employee needed a surgical procedure that only three doctors in the country could perform, he called and made the arrangements himself. (Hooper, 2002) This shows how culturally this company is like one big family. Organizational activities ?- Organizational Reactions to Critical Incidents CISCO’s leaders measure and control many organizational activities, processes, and outcomes. An important facet of CISCO’s business is the intertwined relationships between quality control, inventory, planning, and ordering. To assist with this process CISCO partners with dozens of companies. In particular, Flextronics, one of the largest electronics contract manufacturers, has partnered to create a secure and seamless integration between the two giants. (Roberts, 2000). CISCO has also controlled a past internal downsizing event. After jobs were cut, CISCO gave employees an option to stay with the company and work, at a reduced salary, for a nonprofit organization. Approximately 80 employees opted for the chance to continue to work (Murray, 2001). This program allows CISCO to reduce its workforce temporarily, while giving themselves the future option and control to bring trained and qualified employees into the workforce again. CISCO’s organizational leaders are quick to react to incidents and crises. Recently, an approximated 800 megabytes of software code, used to direct Internet traffic, was reportedly stolen by criminal hackers. CISCO spokesman, Robert Barlow, responded to the attack by stating, â€Å"CISCO is fully investigating what happened. As a matter of policy, we take security very seriously and we continue to take every measure to protect our intellectual property, employee, and customer information† (Musich, 2004). This attack is not just a security threat for CISCO, but the entire Internet. CISCO is maintaining a strong stance and will â€Å"continue to actively monitor the situation and will respond according to established processes and procedures, should the need arise† (Musich, 2004). Describe the workflow and organizational structure. In 2001 Cisco started to arrange its business structure from line of business to 11 technology groups, centralizing its engineering and marketing organizations to support this structure. (Pallatto, 2001) Details of this structure can be found at Cisco’s Website (http://newsroom.cisco.com). (This is a good way to direct the reader to an area, without including it in the paper). In the future it may be hepful to say ie search â€Å"corporate structure† on left side of website. The eleven areas that Cisco decided to focus on are Access, Aggregation, Core Routing, Ethernet Access, Internet Switching and Services, Cisco IOS Technologies Division, Network Management Services, Optical, Storage, Voice, and Wireless. This new organizational structure was developed to better enable Cisco to integrate solutions through out a company seamlessly across extranets, intranets, and the Internet. Organizational systems and procedures Organizational structure impacts the performance of the firm. Alfred Chandler suggested in his classic research that structure follows strategy. Through the years, organizations have altered their structures to better meet the demands of the competitive marketplace. CISCO Systems announced a number of changes in their organizational structure during the summer of 2001. Changing customer requirements and the inherent market opportunity were at the heart of the change. When CISCO created its line of business structure in April 1997, our enterprise, commercial, and service provider customers were building separate networks with predominantly unique product requirements. â€Å"Today, our customers want our products to move across all of these customer segments. They want a network of networks that are seamless and have transparent integration across extranets, intranets, and the Internet. As our customers and the industry evolve, CISCO continues to evolve its organization† (Chamber, 2001). The new centralized technology groups and marketing organization are a logical extension of CISCO’s Six-Point Plan. They began organizing the company around profit contribution, aligning resources to create efficiencies, and focusing on markets with growth opportunities. Centralized technology is also consistent with the breakaway strategy to take advantage of inflection points in the market. â€Å"We believe our changing customer requirements signal an important market transition point. Our new organizational structure will accelerate innovation and aggressively expand CISCO’s product leadership capabilities consistent with customer expectations for a single product architecture and strategy with clear product roadmaps† (Chambers, 2001). However, this new structure will allow CISCO’s technology differentiation to be at the forefront of messaging and competitive positioning. This change will lead to more efficiency in CISCO’s time-to-market with pro ducts, better use of engineering resources, and deliver a stronger competitive position overall. Organizational goals and associated criteria CISCO Systems is one of the most innovative companies in the high-technology industry.(Doyle, 2004) They hire talented people who can continue CISCO’s global leadership, delivering networking products and solutions that help customers achieve their business goals. Employers who invest in certifications experience a quick return on their training and certification investment. Investing in their skills brings improved employee morale, confidence, and productivity, while increasing the CISCO bottom line. To be part of the team an individual must be willing to accept a lot and part with nearly as much. Travel, for example, is intense. Team members say they rarely get by on anything less than 60-hour work weeks, and that doesn’t include time in the air, which is significant when considering they frequently huddle together all over the world for team meetings. Often, there are requisite get-togethers that are not considered part of the job, but merely adjuncts to it. That would include the weekend that members of Mounford’s team spent skiing in Chamonix, France, where he maintains a ski chalet. Then there are the rigors of the job, which can be intense. They’re compounded by the competitiveness of the individual team members. References Doyle, T. C. (2004, May). The Best Team in the Business, Cover Story. VARBusiness. Hooper, L. (2002). No. 7 John Chambers. Computer Reseller News 74. Retrieved May 24, 2004, from the RDS Business and Management database at the UPO Library London, Simon. (2004, May). CISCO shares fall on investor fears. The Financial Times, 17. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Murray, Sarah. (2001, October). Human resources: Jobless staff gain community spirit: CISCO employees have the option of being seconded to non-profit organizations. The Financial Times, 2. Retrieved May 22, 2004. Musich, Paula. (2004, May). CISCO source code reportedly stolen. eWeek. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Pallatto, J. (2001, October). Cisco searches for a market recovery. Internet World, 7 (18): 22, October 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2004, from the RDS Business and Management database at the UPO Library Roberts, Bill. (2000, July). Ready, fire, aim. Electronic Business, v26(7) 80. Retrieved May 22, 2004, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Stone, Brad. (2003, April) Newsweek, Vol. 141 Issue 17, p46, 2p, 1c. Retrieved May 23, 2004, from EBSCOHost Research Database. Unknown. (2001, August). Q&A: John Chambers Discusses. NEWS @ CISCO. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://newsroom.CISCO.com/dlls/hd_082301.html

Study Guide, Principles of Marketing

Module Study Guide Taylor’s University Undergraduate Business Programs BUS2304 Principles of Marketing August Semester 2012 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 1 TUTORIAL 1: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Module Information Booklet will be discussed and explained in detail Form Groups Tutorial exercises – Introducing the basics concepts of marketing LEARNING OUTCOMES ? ? ? Understand key marketing concepts and marketing management philosophies used in marketing planning Understand the importance of marketing in business practices Understand the concept of the marketing experienceDiscussion questions 1. What is the most amazing marketing experience you have ever had? ? Was it an individual employee or a business processes? ? Describe a situation in which you became a â€Å"lost customer†. Was it because of poor product quality, poor service quality or both? Using the concept of â€Å"consumer need† to identify markets: What is National E xpress’s ‘product’? What market (need) does it serve? Who are their direct competitors? What are the potential substitutes? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 2 What is their ‘product’?What markets do they serve? Who are their competitors? What new markets might they exploit? Journal Article: Theodore Levitt’s Marketing Myopia (1960) Students to understand the concept of ‘marketing myopia’ and the dangers that defining their products and markets too narrowly might pose for an organization. What is Cellular One selling? What marketing management philosophy do you see in evidence? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 3 Is there anything that can't — or shouldn't — be marketed? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETINGPage 4 TUTORIAL 2: MARKETING ENVIRONMENT CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Group activity Discussion questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Explain how changes in the marketing environment can effect marketing activities Identify the different micro environmental factors Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What are some of the cultural differences that you have observed when you lived or travelled abroad? ? What were some of the similarities/ differences that you observed? To what extent should cultural differences be considered in international marketing? 2. Imagine a company that is considering changing its product line to become more environmentally friendly, which might increase costs. Use the six major forces of the macroenvironment and list pros and cons that the company should take into consideration before making its final decision. Group Activity In a group – Bring broadsheet newspapers. Mark/highlight articles relating to Macro and Micro environment. Explain. Refer to examples shown by your tutor.BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 5 TUTORIAL 3: CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING O UTCOME: ? ? ? ? Identify the different characteristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior Identify the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions Could KFC use this ad outside Asia?BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 6 Group Activity Activity 1 Examine Maslow’s 5 stage Hierarchy of needs model. Go through the advertisements in your national and local newspapers, magazines etc to see if you can identify and collect at least one advertisement which focuses on each of those stages, from physiological (biogenic) through to self actualization (psychogenic). Also consider TV channels and websites. Print out examples if you can. Activity 2 Consider two purchases you have made recently e. g. soft drink (limited problem solving) and a car, holiday, com puter or a degree course. (extended or involved problem solving). Examine in each case how the decision making process model outlined above may have differed. Here you may consider giving particular attention to the evoked set and post cognitive dissonance. Does your experience differ from the accepted theory? If so why do you think this may be? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 7 TUTORIAL 4: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Identify the different characteristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior Identify the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. Would the marketers at Mercedes be pleased if the coach of a sporting team or the head teacher at a primary school purchased a n A-Class? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 8Group Activity Social grade classification The UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) produced a new socio-economic classification in 2001. The reason was to provide a more comprehensive and detailed classification to take newer employment patterns into account. Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Higher Professional and Managerial workers Lower Managerial and Professional workers Intermediate occupations Lower Supervisory and technical Semi Routine Occupations Routine Occupations Long term unemployed A B Grade C1 and C2 C1 and C2 D D E Small Employers and non professional self-employed C1 and C2Many commercial market research programmes have found significant differences in buying behaviour between the various social grades. The Market Research Society argues that this system can be justified as it is easy to research and that the social grade appears to be a reasonably good discriminator in many product markets profiled in MINTEL repo rts. Social grade reflects lifestyle patterns and is used widely by advertisers while profiling consumers. Questions a. To what extent do you think that social class is a helpful concept in improving the marketer’s understanding of consumer behaviour. . What do you the major criticisms to the social grade system are? c. Consider the following occupations and allocate a social grade to them: i. Student ii. Chartered Accountant iii. Bricklayer with City Council iv. A backpacker v. A retired pensioner on state benefits vi. A High Court Judge BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 9 vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. A self employed plumber. Teacher aged 23 (qualified) Teacher aged 32 (qualified) Retired employee, company pension Shop Assistant Unemployed farm workerBUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 10 TUTORIAL 5: SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Watch the video â€Å"LoReal Percier† Discuss questions Mini case discussion LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Ident ify the different bases for segmenting consumers and business markets. Evaluate market segments, select market segments and choose market coverage strategies TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What is the basic rationale for segmentation? 2. What are some of the common variables used to segment a market? 3.What are the requirements for effective segmentation? 4. What is the difference between segmentation and targeting? Group Discussion Market segmentation is built around identifying differences in needs between different groups of customers. How could a bank segment its consumer market? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 11 Video: L’Oreal Watch the L’Oreal Percier video a) Who is the target market for the product? b) What bases for segmentation has L’Oreal used? (Consider the importance of geographic, demographic, behavioral and psychographic)Read Tasty Bite: Coming to America (Textbook page 133) Discuss the segmentation, targeting and positioning st eps that Tasty Bite has taken in entering the US market. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 12 TUTORIAL 6: PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Identifying slogans for brands Group activity Mini case LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Identify different product / services and their classifications Recognize the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES . Brand Association & Slogans. Identify the brand name for each of the following slogan/phrase. How many slogans/phrases did you identify? 2. Brand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Slogan Impossible is Nothing The world’s local bank It’s the real thing The world leader in oral care. The most powerful alkaline battery in the world. Take power to the next level. Share moments. Share life. Because I'm worth it. Awaken your senses. Connecting people. The choice of a new generation. There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s [product name].Don’t leave home without it The ultimate driving machine The happiest place on earth Put a tiger in your tank The power of dreams Page 13 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 18 19 20 Melts in your mouth, not in your hands Just do it Give me a break! Read Pepsi Sakes bubble with limited edition soft drinks (Textbook page 334) Read case 11. 2 (Textbook page 334) and answer the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 14 TUTORIAL 7: PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Group activity Case Study – New Belgium Brews up strong brand equity LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ?Identify different product / services and their classifications Recognize the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Group Activity – Who am I? a. Select a product category –mobile phones, computers, cars etc. b. Brainstorm and list all competing brands within that category. c. Each group is allocated a brand and brands must be highly differentiated. d. Each group must humanise their brand: Am I female or male? How old am I? What level am I educated to? What colour is my hair?Do I have hair? What is my nationality? What is my occupation? Do I work? What type of clothes do I wear? Where do I go on holidays? What are my hobbies? Am I married or single? Do I have children? What type of car do I drive? Do I have a car? Do I own a house/flat? Where do I live? e. Each group to present their brand personality back to the class. 2. Read case 13. 1 (Textbook page 390) and answer the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 15 TUTORIAL 8: PRICING STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Case study Discuss questions Presenting and defending pricing decisionsLEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Recognize the importance of importance of considering internal and external factors wh en setting final price for products/services Identify the different pricing strategies Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revising and preparing for the examination. TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Read the Case study â€Å"Plug & Sons†. 2. In your group discuss your strategy. 3. Each group is to present and defend their strategy and challenge others to draw attention to: ? ? ? The importance of defining the target market and positioning – who’s going to buy this and why?This is a decision that the students will have to make, as no target market has been identified. The tendency of marketers to compete on value rather than price. Marketers usually try and charge as much as possible for products The way theory such as customer price dynamics can be used to structure and analyse and build a coherent argument BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 16 TUTORIAL 9: DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? ? Read the case â€Å"Dell Direct and not so D irect† Discussion Questions Discussing FedEx based on www. fedex. comLEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? ? Recognize the importance of marketing channels in marketing activities Explain the different levels in a marketing channel Explain the main considerations in a marketing channel Discuss the different ways in managing channel members TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Activity 1 Visit www. fedex. com Many companies lack their own distribution systems. firms in this situation may rely upon the service provided by companies such as FedEx to handle their distribution. 1. What tools does FedEx provide to make shipping process easier? 2.Other than shipping products, what other services does FedEx provide? 3. Is there information on FedEx website that would help a potential FedEx customer to evaluate FedEx regarding some of the selection criteria shown in Table 14. 3 in the textbook? Activity 2 Dell Direct and not so Direct Read case 14. 2 on page 342 and answer discussion questions 1, 2 and 3. BUS2304 PR INCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 17 TUTORIAL 10: PROMOTION STRATEGIES 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Video â€Å"Mercedes Benz† Case study – At Southwesr airlines, â€Å"We Love Your Bags† Discussion Questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? Recognize the difference between conventional promotional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Video Mercedes Benz. Watch the two videos on Mercedes Benz. 1. What is the objective that Mercedes is trying to achieve? 2. What appeals have they used in their advertising strategy? 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such a strategy. At Southwest Airlines, â€Å"We Love Your Bags† Case 16. 2 , Text book page 500. Answer discussion question 1 to 3. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 18 TUTORIAL 11: PROMOTION STRATEGIES 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? Watch video â€Å"Earth Hour† Discussion LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Recognize the difference between conventional promot ional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Watch the different videos of Earth Hour. 2. Based on the different videos you have watched, what are the different types of promotion being used for the campaign? 3. Who is one target audience for Earth Hour? Based on the target group you have defined, select one product that caters to this segment that participated in Earth Hour? 4. Do profit and non-profit organizations use the same promotional tools?Give examples. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 19 TUTORIAL 12: SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MARKETING ETHICS CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Case â€Å"At Timberland , Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced together† Discuss questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? To understand the concept and dimensions of social responsibility To define and describe the importance of marketing ethics To understand the role of social responsibility and ethics in improving marketing performance TUT ORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. What is social responsibility? Why is it important? 2. What are some social responsibility issues? Give an example of each. 3.What is the difference between ethics and social responsibility? 4. Read Strategic Case 8 – At Timberland, Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced Together. Answer questions 1 to 4. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 20 TUTORIAL 13: ONLINE FORUM AND DISCUSSION – EXAMINATION FORMAT CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Online forum and discussion E-Learning week LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revising and preparing for the examination. Discuss different techniques for answering examination questions TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Students’ participate online in a forum and discussion. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 21

Managing Human Resources Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Human Resources - Case Study Example Therefore the function of the human resource department then becomes central to the operation of any organization. The department is given the role of hiring, supervising and organizing training and development of the workforce. Therefore it is important to the management and development of the workforce. (Beer, 1995) In order to function properly, human resource department comes with particular policies and strategic plans that act as guidelines on how the organization is going to function. These policies and guidelines helps the organization to function properly in light of various workforce need for the organization. In order to ensure that these polices meets the needs for the organization and of the workforce, strategic human resource management (SHRM) has become the cornerstone for planning any human resource activities in an organization. Therefore SHRM has become the central focus to the operation of the human resource. SHRM implies the organized way in which the human resource department and in this case the whole organization comes up with strategies to manage the workforce. It involves taking into consideration a number of perspectives which are important of the operation of the department as a whole. ... (Truss, 2004) Background of Sainsbury J. Sainsbury plc. is one of the leading food retail in the UK and has been able to establish interest in non-food and financial services. It was established in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsubring and it has been declared Britain longest standing major food retailing chain. It was established with a mission for making the company the first choice for consumers for quality goods, delivering of products and outstanding qualities which are cost effective. The shareholding is a mixed of individual with 42% shares, Bank and nominees with 56% and insurance companies with 2% of the shares. The group is made up of service chain supermarket called Sainsbury's supermarket, Bells stores, Jacksons Stores, and Sainsbury Banks. The corporation employs more the 145,000 people in all its operations. The company has been in the market for along time and has built a business empire based on its principle of ensuring that they give their customers the best butter in the world and at the affordable price. It has aimed at cutting in niche in the market by becoming the leading consumer first choice for food, delivering of outstanding quality products at the most competitive price in the market. The company has been taking various steps towards ensuring that it satisfies its customers in terms of meeting their demands through delivery of high quality goods and through ensuring that it pays attention to the matters of the environment. The company is best known for various productions in the market. Sainsbury has been know not only as a leading supermarket retailers in the UK but is also knows for other holdings. It operates Shaw's supermarkets Inc, Sainsbury Bank, J Sainsbury Developments Ltd, and Sainsbury's Property

Fracturing in petroleum engineering Research Paper

Fracturing in petroleum engineering - Research Paper Example Therefore, this research paper addresses hydraulic fracturing with respect to fracturing process, mechanics of fracturing, history of fracturing, types of fracturing fluids and additives and the types of fracturing processes. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing involves the use of fluid, which is pumped at a determined high pressure into a given section of the wellbore, to enhance oil production. The high pressure liquid finds its way into the rock formation containing oil and creates fractures from the wellbore, which extends into the oil containing rock formation (Yew 1). The established fractures provide flow paths of oil into the wellbore, which is then pumped out of the oil well. Figure 1 shows the hydraulic fracturing process. As shown in figure 1, the pressured fluid pumped through the well bore leads to fracture propagation in the fracturing stages of the process. Figure 1: Hydraulic fracturing process (EPA) History and Examples of Fracturing The use of fracturing in pe troleum engineering to stimulate oil production started in the 1860s, long after oil production was invented. Over time, considerable advancement has been experienced in the field of hydraulic fracturing particularly with respect to the development of hydraulic fluid combinations for maximum efficiency (EPA 1). Other developments include the development of enhanced equipments for injecting fluid and monitoring relevant data especially fluid pressure, fracture depth and fracture width (Yew 6). Hydraulic fracturing has been widely applied in the petroleum industry. For example, statistics show that fracturing is usually conducted to about 90 percent of oil wells in the United States to stimulate oil production (Earthworks). Mechanics and the Process of Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing can be done on oil wells that have been drilled horizontally, vertically or directionally (slanting) (EPA 1). Fluids used in hydraulic fracturing are comprised of water (or methanol, oil or a co mbination of methanol and water in strategic proportions) and chemical additives. Water-based hydraulic fracturing fluids are the most common of the four types of hydraulic fluids. Water content in hydraulic fracturing fluids is highly dependent on the rock formation and the site of fracturing, and it can be up to 99 percent implying that additives can be as little as 1 percent of the fluid content (EPA 1). The quantity of fluid for hydraulic fracturing also depends with site (depth of oil well) and rock formation. Generally, water quantity may vary between 50,000 gallons (189 m3) to about 350,000 gallons (1325 m3) (EPA 1). Silica sand or other small particles (technically known as proppant or propping agents) are added into the hydraulic fracturing fluid, which serves to maintain the open position of the established fractures (propping/supporting). The principle behind hydraulic fracturing is that the hydrostatic pressure of the injected fracturing fluid should exceed the parting p ressure of the target rock formation thereby inducing a network of fractures through the rock (Spellman 11). The fractures arising from the fracturing process are technically referred to as hydraulic induced fractures. Since fracturing operation is usually conducted at enormous depths (oil exploration occurs at large depths), hydraulic

Stakeholders are Coming to Require the Goods and Services Essay

Stakeholders are Coming to Require the Goods and Services - Essay Example In such a way, the means by which the differential between the developed and the developing world is understood is lessened as a result of this increased level of integration. For purposes of this particular case study, the author will analyze the means by which Alpen Bank, a Romanian bank considering implementation of opening a new credit market within the nation of Romania, will be exposed to specific levels of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that arise out of such a level of integration. By targeting and analyzing each of these specific compliments, it is the hope of this author that a further level of understanding and market specific knowledge can be derived with regards to the best means by which Alpen Bank can seek to target the market and minimize overall risk while maximizing profit potential. Further, through such an analysis, the author will also hope to shed a level of understanding with regards to what key groups Alpen Bank should seek to target with re gards to this new credit availability, what marketing efforts would be best advised with regards to these groups, positioning strategies most suitable for the firm, as well as an elaboration upon the realities of the current market and the way in which Alpen Bank should seek to engage with these determinants. ... hat the firm is able to exhibit is necessarily with regards the fact that they had previously existed within this market and offered a range of consumer products and services that allow them not only to have brand recognition but also evoke a level of trust within the likely consumer bases that they will integrate. Moreover, the experience within credit markets and personal banking that Alpen Bank has specialized since 1983, provides them with a valuable knowledge base and key understanding of considerations with regards to how to integrate more effectively within new and devleping economies and nations. Finally, Alpen Bank has the additional benefit of already being represented within 14 different nations around the globe. Although most of these representations are in highly developed nations, such as Germany, England, Singapore, and Ireland, they also have a level of proficiency in providing consumer banking services in nations as diverse and developing as India and Poland. Weaknes ses: the first and most salient weakness which should be discussed is with regards to the fact that although Alpen Bank is a multinational consumer bank that has a presence in over 14 nations, it has yet to be represented within Eastern Europe (with the exception of Poland which dependent upon definition is oftentimes not considered as part of Eastern Europe). Necessarily, this is a weakness due to the fact that the firm will be integrating with clients and an economic/political system that they have little if any knowledge concerning. Another distinct weakness that the firm faces is with regards to the fact that as compared to the other countries in which they currently operate within, there is little broad-based nor historical evidence of consumer credit markets within Romania as such.

Summarize Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarize - Research Paper Example It claims to be an eco-friendly option of transportation, and factually as having reduced the harmful greenhouse gas emissions by more than 1 tonne on average (cited in Tecsult Inc., 2006). Communauto Car-sharing Service: Useful or Not? Before concluding anything about the usefulness of Communauto service for the people, an analysis has been done in the further part of the paper. The usefulness of this service is largely dependent on the response of its users, benefits that car-sharing provides, the target group of people being wide or narrow, the USP (unique selling proposition) of the Communauto service and the market competitors. About Communauto Car-Sharing Service. It involves multiple users using fewer vehicles. It leads to reduction in congestion, pollution-level, number of vehicles per household and reduction of money spent on individual transportation. Communauto Users. The corporate usage of Communauto is more as compared to individual car-sharing, people who drive less and youth associating with ‘Green’ keeping in consideration style and comfort also can be included among the general users of Communauto vehicle service. The usefulness of Communauto lies in the information that its vehicles are eco-friendly through zero-emission cars, low per family car-expenses, lot of stations for Communauto car pick-up, 24 hours availability and low rent.

Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources - Assignment Example ACAS encourages employees to appeal against unfair dismissals and employers can only lay off workers if there is an existing contractual agreement between he employer and the employer. Accordingly, the redundant temporary employees are entitled to statutory guaranteed payments that include up to five days pay in any three-month period (CIPD 2013). ACAS advocates for an ad-hoc approach, formal policies or formal agreements with trade unions as the possible approaches of implementing redundancies in the organization. The fixed term employment contracts than naturally end will be excluded from the obligations to engage in collective consultations (ACAS 2013). The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) require fair selection of employees to be put on redundancy and collective consultations before the redundancy (CIPD 2013). According to CIPD, redundancy rights and obligations are governed by the employment rights act 1996, the Trade union and labour relations (consolidat ion) Act 1992, protection of employment regulations 1995, collective redundancies and the transfer of undertaking (amendment) regulations 1999 and finally collective redundancies (amendment) regulations 2006. ... The concerned employees are eligible for certain rights such as redundancy pay, a reasonable notice period, discussions with the employer and some time off to seek alternative employment (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The redundancy must be fair and discriminatory practices such as age, disability or gender cannot be utilized as the criteria for redundancy (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The redundancy entails more than 20 employees thus Dan Findale must adhere to the redundancy procedure outlined in ACAS code of practice on redundancy consultation process. Accordingly, protection of employment Act 1977-2007 requires the employers to enter in to consultations with the employees at least 30 days before the first redundancy occurs. In addition, the employees (provision of information and consultation) Act 2006 requires the employers with at least 50 employees to enter in to consultations with employees before any changes in workplace including the proposals for collective redundancy (ACAS 2 013). According to the case study, Dan Findale intends to make the 23 employees redundant thus, redundancy is just a dismissal that is not related to the individual employee or the capability of the individual employee, but an overall reorganization of the staff without recruiting new staff. Dan will have to justify his intentions of cost reduction in order to ensure the survival of the charity operations. Dan Findale must follow fair criteria in determining the employees to be made redundant. Some common criteria include last in, first out method that aims at preserving knowledge, skills and experience, staff appraisal rankings and asking for volunteers (Gilmore and Williams 2012). Unfair selection methods such as previous participation in industrial activities,

Language Proficiency Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Language Proficiency Assessments - Essay Example Two frameworks influence language proficiency assessment processes including planning curriculum, assessment, and instruction. The main elements of the system include English language proficiency standards, language domains, grade level clusters, and language proficiency level. The Language Proficiency Standards reflects the dimensions of acquiring second language anticipated from English language learners in grade levels K-12. Among the five English Language Proficiency Standards, each standard is set to deal with particular contexts namely social and instructional settings, mathematics, social studies and science (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). Each individual proficiency standard includes four-language domains namely listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In listening, people should process, interpret, and evaluate spoken language in various situations. In speaking, students should engage in oral communication while reading ensures processing, interpretation and evaluation of written language (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). Finally, writing ensures students engage in written communication in various situations. The third element, The Language Proficiency Levels and Performance Definitions, outlines the progression in language development in the acquisition of English as an additional language through five a five-stage process including entering, beginning, developing, expanding, and bridging (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). These processes synthesize model performance indicators in each language proficiency level. Finally, the final elements, Model Performance Indicators are measurable indices of the language domains targeting the age and developmental levels of English Language Learners (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). These are examples drawn from experiences in other language proficiency assessments and used to augment other systems to improve language proficiency. According to the checklist, assessment problems may emerge in

Battleship Potemkin Essay Example for Free

Battleship Potemkin Essay Montage is more than simply a technique. Montage compels you like a book because of what is left to the imagination. Giannetti’s book defines montage as â€Å"Transitional sequence of rapidly edited images, used to suggest the lapse of time or the passing of events.† The entire Battleship Potemkin movie gave the impression of a montage. I would not have been able to pay attention throughout the entire movie if it didn’t move so quickly. I must admit that Eisensteins â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† film is technically brilliant. Eisensteins film; â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† is one of the fundamental landmarks of cinema. The movie is about the crew of a battleship being mistreated. One of the opening scenes illustrates a soldier being hit while sleeping. Then for breakfast soldier are served meat crawling with maggots. When soldiers complain the chief officer inspects the meat and makes it seem as if nothing is wrong with it. When soldiers refuse to eat it officers throw a tarpaulin over the rebellious solders and order them to be shot by the guards amidst their own crew. The crew imploded, the news of the death by its crewmember spread causing chaos. The content of the famous massacre on the Odessa Steps grabbed my attention. The film was once banned in many nations, including its native Soviet Union; governments believed it could provoke audiences to rebel. According to today’s standards the Odessa Steps scene is graphic. Seeing children injured, shot and trampled made me cringe. When the woman stood in front of the soldiers with her bloody son pleading for the soldiers to stop, they shot her without remorse. The repeated close up on the carriage at the top of the steps caused anxiety simply because of the way it was edited. The constant cuts back and forth between the gunfire and the carriage had the viewer thinking are they going to shot the carriage like they did the mother standing in front of it, or is the carriage going to go tumbling down the stair forcing the baby to fly out? â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† is a political drama with the absence of personal drama. No single character is personalized which causes characters to represent or symbolize something greater, group of people with guns vs. a dismal group of unarmed folks. The juxtaposition had the greatest impact. Cutting between the anonymous uniformed gunman and the innocent victims that audiences could easily connect with.

Egyptian History Essay Example for Free

Egyptian History Essay The period in Egypt from 2660 to 1100 BC can be considered as a very important time in Egyptian history as it witnessed many changes in how the land was ruled. This period in time experienced wars and changes in leadership, slowly molding the Egyptian nation into what it is today. These people and events not only played an important role in Egypt’s history but also for the rest of the world. One specific period during this time was the Old Kingdom, back to the time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty all throughout the Sixth Dynasty. During this time, the capital of Egypt was located at Memphis, and the ruling pharaoh was Djoser. This period in time was known for the construction of large pyramids, which were built to serve as the burial places for pharaohs and other important persons during that time. This was considered as the Age of Pyramids. During this time only the pharaoh ruled the former independent ancient states of Egypt which was known as nomes. The former ruler of these states were forced to take the role of governor, else, they’ll have to work in the tax collection area. During this time, the pharaoh is not only recognized as a ruler but as a god, and was worshipped by all his subordinates. This is because of the belief that worshipping these gods would mean assurance of the annual flooding of the Nile River. This is because agriculture during this time centered on the â€Å"fertile crescent† or the area which has been flooded by the Nile. All their crops are dependent on this annual flooding, as Egypt is filled with barren lands and desserts which they cannot use for farming and agriculture and the river is their only hope for scarce food supplies. This period of time also witnessed feuds between different rulers which resulted from the fall of the Old Kingdom. The previous kingdom collapsed as a result of civil conflict which was insinuated by regional governors waging wars on each other. The unity of the kingdom weakened, causing it to finally fall. The case worsened as the lands were plagued with severe drought, resulting to a drop in rainfall, affecting the normal flooding of the Nile River. Decades of famine and strife followed eventually. Intermediate periods have risen afterwards, wherein there were several acting rulers and leaders, further complicating the matters. This has lead to many wars between the different peoples of Egypt, since no one held power over the whole nation. To make matters worse, neighboring lands were starting to invade Egypt, hoping to besiege the already war-torn nation. Because of this, consolidations were made by local leaders and a new line of pharaohs have been formed. After several changes in the ruling heads, Egypt was able to prosper further and continued to exist many years after. Some pharaohs were able to expand their influence, thus making the nation wealthier and more powerful. This period however, ended in another intermediate period wherein the power has been divided between the recognized king which was Smendes and the High Priests of Amun at Thebes. The king ruled the northern half of the nation while the High Priests took control of the southern part of the country. This division proved to be less significant since both the ruling king and high priests came from the same family line.

Housing and Employment Barriers for Ex-Offenders

Housing and Employment Barriers for Ex-Offenders Background Inmates in America often face barriers from prison to successful reentry back into the community. They are often released with a bus ticket and a minimal amount of gate money. They reenter back into the community with no health insurance, no guidance with employment, and no financial resource for housing. In 1999, approximately 33 percent of state prison releases were drug offenders, 25 percent were violent offenders, and 31 percent were property offenders (Hughes Wilson, 2017). There are approximately 13 million people admitted to and released from jail (Solomon, 2012). In 2007, more than 725,000 inmates were released from state and federal prisons in the United States (Baillargeon, et. al, 2010). By the end of 2010, the United States federal and state prison facilities held over 1.6 million prisoners. Approximately 95 percent of all state prisoners will eventually be released from prison, and an estimated 80 percent will be released on parole supervision (Hughes Wilson, 2017). There are approximately 730,000 inmates that are released on a yearly basis (Mears Mestre, 2012). A study that looked at recidivism in over 40 states concluded that more than four out of 10 offenders will return to state prison within three years of their release (Justice Center The Council of State Governments, 2017).There were 23 percent of adults exiting parole in 2010 which: 127,918 individuals returned back to prison due to violating their terms of supervision, 9 percent of adults exited parole in 2010, and 49,334 individuals returned to prison for a new conviction (Council of State Governments, 2017) Barriers to Employment The two most common barriers that inmates in America face are securing employment and housing (Gideon Sung, 2011). Ex-offenders are having a difficult time with finding employment after being released from prison, which is a huge barrier to successfully transitioning back into the community. Ex-offenders who are able to find jobs are normally referred by their family or friends. The programs that are successful with helping ex-offenders find employment are limited in capacity and geographic reach (Gideon Sung, 2011). The jobs that are likely to hire ex-offenders are scarce due to downsizing. There are several barriers that ex-offenders face when trying to find employment. Those who have history of being convicted for a felony are legally prohibited from certain occupations: Those that work with population who are deemed vulnerable Child care Nursing Private sector jobs-barber, beautician, pharmacist, embalmer, optometrist, plumber, and real estate professional (Gideon Sung, 2011) However, this does vary from state-to-state. There are jobs that offenders are restricted from pursuing in which prisoners receive training for while imprisoned. A study conducted on employers in Los Angeles concluded that businesses that check criminal backgrounds are less likely to hire those with a criminal record. Thus, background checks hinder ex-offenders chances of securing employment. Employers are allowed to deny jobs to those with a criminal record or those who hold an arrest record. A survey concluded that more than 60 percent of employers would not hire those with a criminal record (Solomon, 2012). Pager conducted an experimental audit and found that both race and a criminal record plays a factor in finding employment. Only five percent of Blacks with a criminal record received a call back. 14 percent of Blacks without a criminal record were called back by employers. Whereas, 17 percent of Whites with a criminal record received a call back from employers. 34 percent of Whites without a criminal record were called by employers (Gideon Sung, 2011). There was a three-state sample that concluded 45% of the 65% of employed ex-offenders continued to be employed (Gideon Sung, 2011). A new study concluded that an estimated one-third of American adults were arrested by the time they were 23 years old (Solomon, 2012). Criminal records keep many people from finding a job even though they have paid their dues, are qualified for the job, and are less likely to reoffend. Regardless of the type of crime committed, a criminal record will hinder an ex-offenders chances of finding employment. Amongst 75 largest counties, there were an estimated one-third of felony arrests that did not lead to conviction. Yet, the arrest still shows on the criminal background, which affects the chances of them getting a job. Most arrests are for minor or nonviolent offenses. In 2009, only four percent of 14 million arrests consisted of violent crimes, including murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (Solomon, 2012). Ex-offenders who are African American may experience racial discrimination when looking for employment compared to Whites. Devah Pager conducted two studies involving employment audits of men in Milwaukee and New York City. Both studies were funded by the National Institute of Justice and found that having a criminal record does reduce ones chance of getting a call back or a job offer by an estimate of 50 percent (Solomon, 2012). African Americans were penalized for having a criminal record in comparison to White applicants. More recent studies reported that Latinos also suffered from having a criminal record and had a more difficult time finding employment compared to Whites. Arrests in 2009 by Offense (Solomon, 2012) Type of Offense Crimes Property Crimes (18% of arrests) Burglary Larceny-theft Motor vehicle theft Arson Vandalism Stolen property Forgery Counterfeiting Fraud embezzlement Drug Crimes (12% of arrests) Production Distribution Use of Controlled Substances Other Crimes (56% of all arrests) Disorderly conduct Drunkenness Prostitution Vagrancy Loitering Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Weapons Violations Ban The Box The number of governmental entities and advocates increased, and they support removing the box on employment application to help ex-offenders stand a higher chance of being employed. Ban the Box is a movement that was established in 2003 (Bergen Bressler, 2016). It is also known as Fair Chance Act. Their goal is to remove the criminal history box to encourage employers to consider applicants based on their credentials and qualifications versus their conviction. It is difficult for ex-offenders who have a criminal record to secure employment because employers perceive them as being untrustworthy, lacking relevant job skills, and inclined to steal (Bergen Bressler, 2016). According to the Justice Department, approximately 60 to 75 percent of former inmates are unable to find employment within their first year out of jail (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Ban the Box law will impose restrictions on what employers can inquire based on criminal history by limiting: What can be asked prior to being hired When can inquiries be made The amount of investigation done on ones criminal history record (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Hawaii was the first state to adopt a fair-chance law, which applied to public and private employment (excluding the federal government) in 1998 (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Such statute restricts an employer from inquiring about an applicants history of conviction prior to being hired. There are other states that established statewide or local laws of Ban the Box, including: California, Oregon, New York, Texas, Washington, and Washington D.C. (Hire Image Background Screening Specialist, 2017). New York City adopted a Fair Chance Act, which makes it illegal for employers to inquire about a criminal record of potential applicants prior to making a job offer (NYC, 2016). Barriers to Housing Housing is another common barrier that ex-offenders face when released back into the community. Ex-offenders find it difficult to find temporary housing on their own and lack funds to rent a place of their own. Thus, the majority tends to live with their family members once released from prison. An Urban Institute study concluded that an estimated three quarters of those released in Chicago planned to live with family (Gideon Sung, 2011). 88 percent were living with family 4 to 8 months later (Gideon Sung, 2011). 30 percent of female releasees reported being physically or sexually abused by family members they end up staying with (Gideon Sung, 2011). 12 percent of male Chicago releasees reported being physically abused or threatened by a family member months before incarceration (Gideon Sung, 2011). Housing is a significant barrier as landlords will deny ex-offenders tenancy due to their criminal record, and are unable to afford market rent or provide a security deposit. This is the reason why approximately 10 to 50% of parolees become homeless (Gideon Sung, 2011). Although there are other housing resources that ex-offenders could resort to, they have a limited capacity. There are also limitations on ex-offenders who were convicted of sex crimes. The Megans Law requires sex offenders to register and is supported by 47 states, which makes offenders ineligible for public housing. There are 31 states that have laws similar to Jessicas Law, which limits convicted sex offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011). This includes restricting where sex offenders can live, and are required to distance themselves from schools or parks. Prison Fellowship Prison fellowship is a reentry program available to ex-offenders. It is a Christian-based program that aims at giving hope, healing, and a new purpose for life to each ex-offender because they believe that the most broken situations can be made whole again (Prison Fellowship, 2017). This program also provides advice and guidance on how to overcome barriers, including: housing, employment, and finances. It is beneficial to ex-offenders as they will be provided with advice on the necessary resources that they need to successfully transition back into the community. Other Barriers Ex-offenders who have felony drug convictions deal with legal limitations. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act of 1996 bans those convicted for a felony drug charge for a lifetime. Meaning, these offenders are unable to receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and food stamps (Gideon Sung). This tends to be a barrier that some ex-offenders face when released because it reduces their income. Also, drug offenders who intended on going back to school are unable to take out a student loan (Gideon Sung, 2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) consists of various treatment interventions. CBT can help with changing peoples feelings, including their values (Gideon Sung, 2011). This type of approach helps offenders with gaining self-control and responsibility toward others and the community. There are six CBT programs that are most commonly used in correctional settings: Aggression Replacement Training (ART) Criminal Conduct and Substance Abuse Treatment Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) Reasoning and Rehabilitation (RR) Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT) Thinking for a Change (T4C) (Gideon Sung, 2011) These programs will help rehabilitate offenders and they will stand a chance to successfully face difficult barriers that they may encounter. Such programs have been extensively experimented with among various types of offenders, including juvenile offenders, substance-abusing offenders, sex offenders, sex offenders, and violent offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011). Conclusion It is important that these barriers ex-offenders face are addressed in order for them to have a successful transition back into the community. The people of America need to be informed of these barriers so that we can help make a difference in our communities by reducing the rate of recidivism. This will allow our communities to be safeguarded from ex-offenders so long as they are able to successfully transition back into our community. Their wrongdoings and criminal activity does not only impact themselves, it also impacts their loved ones and those who are victimized. Therefore, it is important to know the statistics and studies of barriers that hinder the reintegration of ex-offenders in which we could help them successfully overcome the barriers that they may have a difficult time with. References Baillargeon, J., Hoge, S.K., Penn, J.V. 2010. Addressing the challenge of community reentry among released inmates with serious mental illness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 46, 361-375. doi: 10.1007/s10464-010-9345-6 Ban the box laws. 2017. Hire Image Background Specialists. Retrieved online from http://www.hireimage.com/ban-the-box/ Bergen, V. Bressler, M. S. 2016. Ban the box: Protecting employer rights while improving opportunities for ex-offender job seekers. Employer Relations Law Journal, 42, 26-50. Fair chance act. 2016. NYC. Retrieved online from https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/media/fair-chance-act-campaign.page Gideon, L., Sung, H. 2011. Rethinking corrections rehabilitation, reentry, and reintegration. SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. Hughes, T. Wilson D.J. 2017. Reentry tends in the United States: inmates returning to the community after serving time in prison. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved online from https://www.bjs.gov/content/reentry/reentry.cfm Mears, D. P., Mestre, J. (2012). Prisoner reentry, employment, signaling, and the better identification of Desisters. Criminology Public Policy, 11(1), 5-15. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00 NRRC facts and trends. 2017. Justice Center The Council of State Governments. Retrieved online from https://csgjusticecenter.org/nrrc/facts-and-trends/ Preparing for reentry. 2017. Prison Fellowship. Retrieved online from https://www.prisonfellowship.org/resources/support-friends-family-of-prisoners/resources-for-reentry/# Scanlon, W. (2001). Ex-convicts: A workplace diversity issue. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 16, 35-51. doi:10.1300/J022v16n04_03 Solomon, A. 2012. In search of a job: Criminal records as barriers to employment. Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice. Retrieved online from https://www.nij.gov/journals/270/Pages/criminal-records.aspx

Virtual Campus Tour :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Virtual campus tour is a software program where the users can experience the same thing as in the real world. They can touch, walk, run, sit on a chair, or change direction. In other words, it is like an online expedition that is close to real campus walking tour. Virtual campus tour could be a useful reference in the future for architects, urban planners, and government entities. My part in this project is making the brochure and PowerPoint. The brochure contains information about the purpose of our project in asking for fundraiser. We need about $ 1,000 to create this software that supports the 3D virtual tour. I chose the fundraiser brochure because it looks nice and appropriate as a fundraiser tool. The presentation is in form of PowerPoint and proposal. We need the proposal in order to ask for fundraiser. Pius and Abdallah are responsible for the proposal. The proposal contains information such as why ISU need the virtual tour, how the virtual tour can be implemented, the benefit in the future, and how the program works. The slides in PowerPoint include the background of virtual tour, the description of the program, the reasons why there should be a virtual campus tour, and picture samples. The background of this virtual campus tour is started with four people gathered in September 2003. They formed a team after several gatherings in campus. The team consists of Andre Lokasari (Computer Science Senior), Abdallah Mwita (Computer Engineering Senior), Adams Sutanto (Aerospace Engineering Senior), and Pius Susanto (Industrial Engineering Senior). They name themselves the ISU campus simulation team after the proposed project came up with the next year in January 2004, namely, the virtual real-time campus map project. The diverse backgrounds from the members of this group contribute to each other work in coming up with this real-time campus map idea. All the members except Pius have done a lot of research to create the first part of real-time virtual campus tour. All the paper works including the proposal of this project, fundraising, and all other external affair matters are Pius’s responsibilities. The creation of 3D computer graphics consists of modelling, scene layout setup, and rendering. The modelling part could be described as shaping individual objects that are later used in the scene. There are some modelling techniques such as Constructive Solid Geometry, NURBS modelling and polygonal modelling. Editing object surface or material properties such as color, luminosity, diffuse and specular shading components are included in modelling processes.

Essay --

What does famine mean? It is a situation in which people do not have enough food, according to Webster’s New World Dictionary. The great potato famine, however, was far more than just a lack of food. Its effects were felt around the world due to environmental conditions, agriculture practices and economic and political factors (Japikse, 1994). Famine still exists in today’s society, as does the potato blight from the largest crop manufacturers to the small family gardens in Wisconsin, but nothing comes close to the disaster experienced by the Irish. It was the injustices that caused the famine, Gorta Mor, The Great Hunger of 1845-52, as called by the Irish (Daly, 1996). The potato famine of 1846 was one of the biggest natural disasters in Irish history. The â€Å"explosive disease† said William Fry, Ph.D., caused by Phytophtera infestans, is a condition that prevents growth and destroys the plant by disease. P. infestans is a fungus-like pathogen that infects and destroys the leaves, stems, potato seed and the potato itself, turning it black and slimy (Craig, 1998). The first signs of blight are when leaves get brown specks on them that start to get white, hairy growth around them (Damsker, n.d.). In addition, leaves and stems withered very quickly. This if followed by a terrible smell. It spreads as a spore and grows rapidly in moist, warm and humid conditions. Today, the blight disease still affects potato crops. However, an application of the plant fungicide, metalaxyl, or copper sulfate mixtures and pesticide will prevent and eliminate or, at least, decrease the possibility of its appearance (Daly, 1996). In fact, accordi ng to Gibbon’s article in 2013, the pathogen and its host of dried leaves ar... ...Irish and British people had bitter feelings towards one another. Many Irish were angry the English government did next to nothing to prevent the famine. Then when it happened the government turned their heads. The anger caused a rebellion in 1848 by a group called the Young Ireland party, saying Ireland wanted its own government (Results of the Great Famine, 2014). In conclusion, famine is still a part of the world today, but Gorta Mor of this level of devastation does not occur anymore. The same issues of environment, agriculture practices, economic and political factors are still part of famine today along with the appearance of the potato blight, too. Truth be told, the difference between then and now, however, is that technology is the medium to deliver images and descriptions faster and quicker so as to not let such devastation be experienced.

Chapter hw – law

P may recover, as this Is a breach of the contract. P, in agreeing to accept the pension, forfeited his rights to take another Job In the Industry. This is a legal detriment to P, the promise – one which did not exist prior to the formation of the contract. B- This is not enforceable. This is an example of past consideration, which is not consideration. P had already rendered the service at the time the company's promise was made. In other words, the service was not induced by or given in exchange of the promise.If the promise were in writing and acknowledged the past inconsideration, however, this contract would be enforceable. 3) This Is an example of payment on liquidated debt. Because D assumed a new legal detriment – that is, he would not only pay the originally-agreed upon $50,000, but also pay 9% interest on top of that amount – C is legally bound on his promise. 4) No, the debt is not discharged, as this is a matured liquidated debt and is only satisfied when the debtor completes his/her entire obligation – full payment.In addition, as NY GOLD 5-1103 states, a signature endorsing a check Is not legally sufficient for accepting a lesser amount to satisfy an existing debt. In other words, there must be accompanying documentation with the promise signature, indicating the acceptance of a lesser amount to satisfy the debt. 5) S may not recover here, as there exists accord and satisfaction in a disputed form of liquidated debt. In this particular instance, accord and satisfaction occurs when B sends a check for a Boniface disputed amount, based on the expert opinion that the refrigerators were damaged upon shipment.The acceptance and cashing of the check by S discharged the remaining debt by cashing the check. If S had indicated, under protest† or â€Å"without prejudice† when endorsing the check, he would have prevented accord and satisfaction from occurring, per New Work's interpretation of USC 1-207. 6) s may not recover. Because s signed a note, walling the additional SSL ,oho that was owed in the contract, he released B from his requirement to pay the full amount of the order. This satisfies the requirement put into effect by NY GOLD 5-1103. ) a- Barry Is entitled to the dilation $350, as Ann, the promise, did not incur a legal detriment by paying a lesser amount and Barry, the promise, did not obtain a legal benefit. Ann was under a pre-existing legal duty to pay the full amount of the debt, which is liquidated and undisputed. B- If Barry had provided Ann a signed receipt, then, yes, under NY GOLD 5-1103, the remaining debt would be considered discharged, even though there exists no consideration for the promise. ) This Is a case of unlimited debt, In which the payment amount Is In question accept a lesser amount, $7,000 ($6,000, plus the $1,000 on the promissory note), to settle the claim serves as valid consideration. If Barbara had indicated, â€Å"under protest† or â€Å"witho ut prejudice† when endorsing the check, he would have prevented cord and satisfaction from occurring, per New Work's interpretation of USC 1-207. 10) a- C will recover nothing here.By re-negotiating the payment terms, there is a new set of consideration at play, as D obtains a new legal detriment of needing to give his stamp collection, along with the new (stated) dollar amount – something which D did not have to include with his payment beforehand. B- C will recover the full $1,000 in this case, as the original $10,000 debt amount is liquidated and past due. Additionally, D did not incur a new legal detriment in paying a lesser amount, nor did C gain a new legal benefit. If C agreed in a signed writing to discharge the debt, then, yes, under NY GOLD 5-1103, the debt would be considered paid off. 12) a- C is only entitled to the $50,000 sum. The promise, O, does not obtain a new legal benefit, and the promise does not incur a new legal detriment. In fact, C was bound by a pre-existing duty to complete the Job for a total of $50,000, which he received. B- According to NY GOLD 5-1103, this would be considered a written agreement (substituted contract), which is valid. As a result, C would be entitled to the full $55,000 amount, even though there does not exist any new consideration.

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Death-in-Life means to be living in a constant fear or thought of death, or a feeling that the soul is damned but the body remains. Life-in-Death suggests the idea that the soul will continue but the body will deteriorate. In the poem â€Å"the Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the paradox of death-in-life and life-in-death is a consistent theme throughout this piece of literature. The sailor’s corpses, the constant aging of the mariner’s body and the gamble of death and life suggest this theme in Coleridge’s poem.When a person’s heart stops pumping blood, the average amount of time for the body to start decomposing is four to six days. This average is dependent upon the temperature the body is kept; if it is hot and in the sun the body will decompose much faster than in colder climates. In Coleridge’s poem the sailor’s bodies are in the sun for seven days, yet they refuse to be subjected to the ravages of time. â€Å"The many men so beautiful / and they all dead did lie / and a thousand thousand slimy things lived on; / and so did I / †¦The cold sweat melted from their limbs / nor rot or reek did they: / the look with which they looked on me / had never passed away / †¦ Seven days, seven nights, / I saw that curse and yet could not die† (Coleridge, IV, 1817). The sailor’s corpses stay intact while their souls escape, leaving the mariner with the visible token of the living death that awaits. The wedding Guest proclaims to fear the Mariner because he looks so skinny and aged. â€Å"I fear thee and thy glittering eye, / And thy skinny hand, so brown. Fear not, fear not, thou Wedding-Guest! / This body dropt not down. / Alone, alone, all, all alone, / Alone on a wide wide sea! / And never a saint took pity on / My soul in agony† (Coleridge, IV, 1817). The Mariner explains that his soul is trapped in his body and his body will continue to age but will never rot e nough to release his spirit. In â€Å"the Rime of the Ancient Mariner† the Mariner explains to the Wedding Guest of how his soul came to be doomed. He explains that when he was on the ship with his crew that he saw another ship approaching.This brought hope to the whole crew because they thought that their bodies were going to be saved. When the ship approached, the Mariner saw that it was Death and Life-in-Death. â€Å"Her lips were red, her looks were free, / Her locks were yellow as gold: / Her skin was as white as leprosy, / The Night-mare Life-in-Death was she, / Who thicks man's blood with cold. / The naked hulk alongside came, / And the twain were casting dice; / ‘The game is done! I've won! I've won! ‘ / Quoth she, and whistles thrice† (Coleridge, III, 1817).With Life-in-Death’s three whistles she eliminates the sunlight and replaces it with dark shadows. She took the lives of the men on the ship, except for that of the Mariner’s. She cursed him with an eternity of living death. He is condemned to walk to the Earth and tell his tale to whomever will listen. The symbolic interpretation when death and life in death went to steal the Mariner’s soul; is that of arriving on a ship, when in biblical terms wood means death and water means life.Life in death ironically wins the soul of the mariner. In â€Å"the Rime of the Ancient Mariner† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Death in Life and Life in Death is a constant contradicting theme throughout this metaphorical anecdote. The mythical preservation of the sailor’s bodies, the damnation of the Mariner’s soul, and the gamble between death and life-in-death truly remind the audience of this continuous theme.Works Citedhttp://poetry.eserver.org/ancient-mariner.html

Pets Should Be Treated Like Family

Yannick Sanchez Pets should be treated like family members I agree with the statement that pats should be treated like family members because they live with us, in our home and we have to take care of them. For example a dog is in more than one way similar to a little child who can not do anything by himself. We have to provide them food, home and if needed medical support. It is trus that a dog would never be as much important as a child would but we can not neglect them either. Another example to show how important can a pet be is the relation he coult have with the children.I personally had a dog when I was a child and he was always by my side, taking care of me. He was a friend and a part of my family. That is why I think they could be important for the children and behave like a protector. They also have a sort a sixth sense that can feel when a person is worried and provide you support just like a human being would. An additional fact that make me think the pets are just like f amily members is the dogs for blind people. These dogs are one of the most important thing he their life because they are the key for their social life.Once again these pets are as much important as the family who can not be 24/7 to help them. We can also take the example of an old couple who is retired. They now live alone and a plenty of time to spend. Having a pet can occupy them and can also protect them. In that way they are like a new member of the family who need to be taken care of. In conclusion I think that pets and particularly dogs should be treated just like a family member for all that they give us and support they could be for certain people.

Neolithic Revolution Essay

The Neolithic Revolution was a fundamental change in the way people lived. The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations. It was a revolution of achieving social and technological advances, while economic, political, and social changes resulted from the rise of cities, allowing the ability to support an increasingly large population. Therefore, the Neolithic Revolution led to the seven traits of civilization. Prior to the Neolithic Revolution’s transformations, people were forced to hunt for their own food. This resulted in humans following their food sources’ trail, whether it be hunting an animal, or essential natural resources. Because of the fact that people were constantly shifting from area to area based on their food, this labeled them as nomads; people who did not have a permanent home or residence. Due to the lack of food, there was a small population. Then, gradually, the Neolithic Revolution began to take place at different times and different places, a time period where humans shifted from gathering and hunting food to producing it. People began domesticating animals to provide food, as well as plants and crops, which varied depending on climate. As a result of domestication, agriculture began to take form. Agriculture is the farming of animals and plants, which made life easier and enabled people to remain in the same place. These were some of the building block s for civilization that took place during the Neolithic Revolution. Agriculture led to villages because farming encouraged the formation of larger and more stable communities than had existed before Neolithic times. Most hunting humans moved in small groups containing no more than 60 individuals who could not settle in a single spot lest the game run out. With settled agriculture the constraints changed. Communities developed around the cleared and improved fields. Now that food was plentiful and able to be harvested, population strongly increased. With more people and a lack  of diverse jobs, specialization of labor was developed when men and women became artisans, growing increasingly productive and creative. This occurred since farmers grew all the food, and not everyone had to be a farmer. Gradually, humans became innovative and improved quality and numbers of their products. People were slowly yet steadily continuing to progress towards the seven traits of civilization. Specialization of labor began to then lead to the seven traits of civilization. As villages evolved into cities and became more complex, many new jobs developed. For instance, officials gathered taxes, engineers planned irrigation systems, and soldiers defended city walls, resulting in government and military. As life in cities grew increasingly complex, people began to keep permanent records and developed writing. Other humans became skilled artisans who devoted their time to crafts such as baskets, metalwork, or pottery, while others built large public works such as temples or buildings. This was the development of art and architecture. Religion then resulted from things people could not explain, with early civilizations which had formal religious institutions that included ceremonies, rituals, and other forms of worship. As urban societies developed institutions and specialized labor, a social order developed based on people’s occupations, wealth, and influence. Due to their experience with agriculture, humans of the Neolithic Revolution then improved their farming systems and advanced their personal resources to be more productive. As shown, all of the seven traits were a result of the Neolithic Revolution, and led to civilization. The Neolithic Revolution caused the seven traits to take effect. If it weren’t for those traits, we may still be undeveloped nomads today. Having taken a huge step towards modern society, the early humans who lived during the Neolithic Revolution were hard at work in learning how to start a civilization. They have given up their nomadic days and discovered the advantages to settling down in one area. No longer were lives at risk every day. The Neolithic Revolution was the first step in building a modern society where humans can live in peace and not worry about betting on their lives for days’ worth of food and finally able to rest their minds without worry. The Neolithic Revolution was a crucial part of human history and  without it, we would not have civilization.

Self Reliance

The Idea of American Self Reliance From the readings of Cooper, Hawthorne, and Emerson you get a coherent understanding of how each writer interpreted the notion of â€Å"American Self Reliance†. Self- Reliance is defined as the dependence on one's own efforts and abilities . There are profound strengths in promoting and practicing the idea of Self-Reliance but also evident weaknesses if the phrase is taken too literally.While making reference to Cooper, Hawthorne and Emerson's readings the following essay will discuss the otion of American Self Reliance as well as an advantage and a disadvantage that can be caused by fully living by its creed. Most of us strive for success and independence. Most take pride in themselves for being able to start from the bottom and emerge on top with no help from others. This is typically interpreted as self reliance. However, it is not always possible to rise to the top by our efforts solely. At times we all need help in succeeding in life or simply bettering ourselves.Emerson's writing persuades you to believe that man alone is completely self sufficient for him r herself. I view this as a disadvantage or weakness in thought and practice because you cannot always believe that you will never need help from anyone or anything. This type of thinking could potentially stagnant one's progress and the reluctance to ask for or accept help would be the cause. Emerson writes â€Å"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart, is true for all men, – that is genius†.I disagree with this statement because it can be interpreted negatively or positively and from the reading I deduced that Emerson only presented his statement in a positive cogitation. This quote further influences us to believe that if we feel we can accomplish anything on our own in our hearts then everyone should believe this as well and in turn this is the most intellectual way to think. Unfortunately there a re countless times when what we believe true in our hearts, whether it concerns our capabilities or accomplishments, are in reality not feasible.Certain external or internal factors beyond our control can hinder our progress. Although, with the help of others, and the renouncement of the notion of living trictly by a creed of self- reliance, one could possibly demonstrate success in their thoughtful aspirations regardless of the unknown or potential hindrances that may lie ahead. With help we are able to maneuver and the ability to maneuver in our lives is an advantage and strength. I do not disagree with the complete ideology of self reliance.Emerson writes, â€Å"What I must do, is all that concerns me, not what the people think. It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd eeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude†. This quote is powerful because it depicts the strength or advantage (great man) that one can have in life if they focus on self and not worry about the opinions and conformity that society attempts to influence them with.It makes reference to will-power, determination and in solitude, amidst society. Having independent thought no matter what coaxes exists is a vital aspect of self reliance. In Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown he writes, â€Å"Faith! Faith! cried the husband. Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One! . Despite the fact that Hawthorne does not specifically mention the theory of self reliance in Young Goodman Brown, it is still included metaphorically throughout the text.Here Hawthorne support Emerson's ideology of Self Reliance by showing the strong will and determination Goodman Brown had by sticking to his beliefs and resorting to the higher power (God) in the face of evil and ultimately veering away from the influence of the wicked that surrounded him. After Brown sticks to his beliefs and does not conform to those of his surrounding environment he finds imself alone again in the woods, everything having vanished.Staying committed in your beliefs and views at all times whether in solitude or among others is important and as Hawthorne depicts, can entirely alter a predicament or situation for the better. From the readings I also concluded that self reliance is not only about believing in yourself or staying true to who you are despite the influence of society it is also about not abusing the resources that god has put forth for you to flourish. James Fenimore Cooper writes in The Pioneers, â€Å"It's much better to kill only such as ou want, without wasting your powder and lead, than to be firing into God's creaters in such a wicked manner.But I come out for a bird, and you know the reason why I like small game, Mr. Oliver, and now I have got one I will go home, for I don't like to see these wasty ways that you are all practysing, as if the least thing was not made fo r use, and not to destroy'. Cooper reveals a portion of his interpretation of Self reliance with this excerpt from The Pioneers. The character who speaks these words, Natty Bumppo, was portrayed as the embodiment of American Self-Reliance, who ived free, was strong, determined, self sufficient and lived close to nature.Cooper believed that connection with nature was essential for one's development and ability to be self reliant. In this quote he portrays his distaste for killing god's creations for game and not necessity, which translate into the abuse of our natural resources. Cooper, Hawthorne and Emerson collectively make some great points and examples of American Self Reliance throughout their works. However, it is important to acknowledge that some of their ideologies can serve as strengths as well as potential eaknesses. Cooper, F.J. (2003). The Pioneers. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 440-449). New York : Norton & Company. Emerson, R. (2003). Self Relianc e. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 450-467). New York: Norton & Company. Hawthorne, N. (2003). Young Goodman Brown. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 613-623). New York : Norton & Company. Merriam- Webster. com. (2013, November 3). Retrieved November 3, 2013, from Merriam- Webster: http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/self%20reliance

Environment Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environment Science - Essay Example Another environmental issue is related to freeing the planet from the bad effects of carbon emissions by 2050 so that by 2100 carbon emissions are in required limits. A detailed energy system model has been developed to find the relation between the aims of 2050 and 2100. By using a computer simulation, future greenhouse gas emissions have been put on the test assuming there is no climate policy in practice. Implications of limiting emissions by 2050 have been analyzed on different levels. According to the study, current technologies won’t help in achieving the set targets for 2100. There are two options suggested: either reduce 20 percent below 2000 levels by mid-century to maintain the option for end-of-the-century or as per the rising needs of energy and land, the reduction should be 50 percent, which is unattainable with the given energy resources.According to the research team, more research needs to be made on technological feasibility for mid-and end-of-century emission deadlines to circumspect the issue.Science Daily has attracted the attention of its readers towards the South Asian monsoon the reason of which could be heat and moisture from the Himalayas. Basically, it is a climate issue on which the Harvard climate scientists have drawn attention. It is assumed that the Tibetan Plateau is the leading resource for generating heat resulting in the South Asian monsoon. The Harvard climate scientists believe that monsoon in the region is caused more due to the Himalayas and the adjoining mountains.

What are the Key Factors for Success (KFS) that companies in the Essay

What are the Key Factors for Success (KFS) that companies in the industry must satisfy in order to ensure survival and seek competitive advantages - Essay Example More over, it has to be accessible to the consumers. Consumers like purchasing their products from easily accessible industries where they can return them in case of malfunction. This generates confidence in the organization’s products. On the other hand, consumers have to be accessible to increase sales. Without proper access to the market, an industry may be unable to sell the anticipated amount, or may incur higher costs of distribution. The choice of the business type is of utmost importance. Investors need to identify a business and analyze the pay back period to ensure that they settle on the most applicable investment decision. It requires an analysis of the kind of consumers in the market to ascertain that the products offered by the industry match the needs of the consumers. This is significant in developing positioning strategies for the products. It is also important to ensure that products are durable, especially for a newly established business. Once investors bring their capital in to the market, they are usually faced with problems, which are common for beginners. They are initially not competitive and therefore might take long to attract customers, hence the quantity of produce needs to be controlled until the business establishes in the market. For durable products, more products may be produced to be sold in the long-run. The products should be satisfactory to the health standards. The most risky occurrence in an organization may be the revocation of an operating license. This is because it might happen when the industry is already in operation, having produced a substantial amount of commodities. This may lead to a heavy loss, hence the need to satisfy the health and safety requirements in the workplace, as well as the recommended standards in regard to quality (Hannagan, 2007 p 67). Consumers are usually sensitive to quality, especially for emerging products. The investor needs to satisfy consumer demands at

Authentic Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Authentic Assessments - Essay Example Authentic assessment is the product of a reform in education. This shift is to make standardized testing less drill oriented and applicable to what is expected will be necessary in the students' adult life. These tests hold students to higher standards as well as create a growing body of accurate awareness pertaining to student learning. This way the teacher learns from the student as well. The key argument these test pose is that for the traditional testing method, the right answers are not rationales. This basically acknowledges that the level of logic required for traditional standardized tests is lacking. This is due to a relationship that involves test takers who simply cram for their tests, and instructors who feel the tests have no relevance to their teaching ability. This is a common occurrence that has resulted in resentment for traditional standardized testing on the behalf of both parties involved. Authentic assessment is a genuine push towards the implementation of more authentic tasks. Instructors find it easier to apply these tasks to their curriculum and students find it easier to assess what is expected of them. It is considered a form of improving overall performance, in a testing system traditionally structured solely to monitor it. Authentic assessment applied to math and science addresses the notion among educators that this curriculum is designed to assist students in solving everyday problems like, civic affairs, jobs and professions. To do this less computation must be emphasized and these curriculums must focus more on the analytical. When I was younger, and my grades were starting to slip in math, my father required me to make calendars as a punishment until I was able to improve. Initially, I thought this would be an easy task, but he required that every square have equal length and width, and that all lines on each page be equal in length from one another. This served two purposes; it taught me that everything in the world around me can be weighed and measured. It also taught me the value of organization. The process of using mathematical tools like protractors, rulers and calculators, along with my own thinking and reasoning, incited me to be enthusiastic towards math. This is the perfect example of a pplying math to the student's surroundings. This is the type of authentic assessment I would apply to a middle school math or science curriculum. It doesn't have to be something as bland and mundane as creating calendars, but my task will be inherently applicable to the student's daily living routine. My student evaluations would consist of open ended questions that require mathematical awareness to produce solutions. For example, The Shoe Thief Puzzle A person went into a shop to buy a pair of shoes. The person chose a pair which were reduced to their cost price of $12, and gave the shopkeeper a $20 note. The shopkeeper didn't have any change, so he took the $20 note next door to his friend the restaurant owner to get some. He returned to his shop and gave the shopper $8 change. The shopper then departed. A few minutes later the restaurant owner stormed into the shop shouting "that $20 note that you gave me is a forgery". The shopkeeper took back the forged note and gave the restaurant owner a new and genuine $20 note. How much has the shopkeeper lost on the transaction, explain the cash movements, and show two methods of calculating

Global Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Industries - Essay Example Again when the corporation opted to invest in the equities in 2007, this was the time when the current global financial crisis was starting and they never recovered. Proper timing and a lack of diversity in investment may be attributed to the failure experienced by the corporation (Palacios & Musalem 2003). Given that the US economy may not improve much in the next three years, there is a need for Global Industries to consider investing in the developing economies, such has India and China. Other emerging markets in South America such as Brazil, and also Africa, may be another option worth exploring. In the past, pension fund managers have been known to risk with the money of taxpayers in equity markets that are characterised by a high level of volatility. The operations of our pension fund system has been such that the decision to take investment risks in the equity markets is often arrived at by a few individuals at the management level but when we experience a market crash, the taxpayers have to bear this risk. Often times, pension fund managers are quick to attribute the loss of taxpayers' money on the world financial crisis and bad markets (Mangiero 2009). It is not often that pension fund managers shall be awake to the realisation that the fund may be governed by investment models that are quite faulty, coupled with crooked actuarial theories. According to a majority of the economists that specialises in the assessment of funds, such plans may at best be viewed as risk time bomb that shall in the long-run result in losses. Inevitably, it is the taxpayer that shall be required to pay for such losses. For this reason, one could argue that the reason why we have had such a horrible experience in our pension fund is because our pension plans and models are faulty, and we have never taken the initiative to revise them accordingly (Caulkin 2009). The practice by the pension fund in the past years has been to heavily invest in equities. What appeared to have led the pension fund managers to such a decision was due to the assumption that the short-term meltdowns that they were experiencing would be offset by the ensuing financial gain in the long-term. Apparently, these fund managers seems not to have heeded the advice of financial economists, as regards the conventional model of investment markets; that "equities provide guaranteed returns over the long term" (Pension pulse 2009). This is a goal that economists have proved to be quiet untenable. Clearly, no one anticipated a global financial crisis of the magnitude that we are faced with, at the moment. It is imperative therefore that we do not repeat past mistakes. What this means is that we should learn to diversity our investments, at least as a cushioning effect against losing all the taxpayers earnings. In high investments such as the stocks or the equity funds, perfect timing is very important. Apparently, Global Industries appears to have opted to make investments at a time when disaster was just about to strike. Another characteristic of the past investments since the early 1990s is that the corporations have failed to adequately diversity its investments. For example, at one time, the corporation was into